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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedKarvonen KL, Anunwah E, Chambers Butcher BD
Structural racism operationalized via adverse social events in a single-center neonatal intensive care unit.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess structural racism in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by establishing whether variations in adverse social events occur by racialized groups. The study included 3,290 infants hospitalized in a single center NICU in the Racial and Ethnic Justice in Outcomes in Neonatal Intensive Care (REJOICE) study, and researchers included demographics and adverse social events including infant urine toxicology screening, child protective services (CPS) referrals, behavioral contracts, and security emergency response calls were collected from electronic medical records. The study found that 6.2% of families experienced an adverse social event. Black families had a greater likelihood of having experienced a CPS referral and a urine toxicology screen. American Indian and Alaskan Native families also had a greater likelihood of experiencing CPS referrals and urine toxicology screens. Black families had a greater likelihood of experiencing behavioral contracts and security emergency response calls. Latinx families had a similar risk of adverse events, and Asian families were less likely to experience adverse events.
AHRQ-funded; HS028473; HS026383.
Citation: Karvonen KL, Anunwah E, Chambers Butcher BD .
Structural racism operationalized via adverse social events in a single-center neonatal intensive care unit.
J Pediatr 2023 Sep; 260:113499. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113499..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care
Levinson Z, Cantor J, Williams MV
The association of strained ICU capacity with hospital patient racial and ethnic composition and federal relief during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investigators sought to identify the association between strained intensive care unit (ICU) capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic and hospital racial and ethnic patient composition, federal pandemic relief, and other hospital characteristics. They found that hospitals with large Black patient shares experienced greater strain during the pandemic. These hospitals received more federal relief; however, funding was not targeted overall toward hospitals with high ICU occupancy rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS024067.
Citation: Levinson Z, Cantor J, Williams MV .
The association of strained ICU capacity with hospital patient racial and ethnic composition and federal relief during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Health Serv Res 2022 Dec;57(Suppl 2):279-90. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14028..
Keywords: COVID-19, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospitals
Su CM, Warren A, Kraus C
Lack of racial and ethnic-based differences in acute care delivery in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Int J Emerg Med 2021 Jan 19;14(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12245-021-00329-w.
Early diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is thought to be critical for improving outcomes. In this study the investigators examined whether racial or ethnic disparities existed in acute care processes in the first hours after ICH. The investigators found no evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in acute care processes or outcomes in ICH. English as first language, however, was associated with slower care processes.
Early diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is thought to be critical for improving outcomes. In this study the investigators examined whether racial or ethnic disparities existed in acute care processes in the first hours after ICH. The investigators found no evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in acute care processes or outcomes in ICH. English as first language, however, was associated with slower care processes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024561.
Citation: Su CM, Warren A, Kraus C .
Lack of racial and ethnic-based differences in acute care delivery in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Int J Emerg Med 2021 Jan 19;14(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12245-021-00329-w..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Critical Care, Stroke, Cardiovascular Conditions, Outcomes
Lyerly MJ, Albright KC, Boehme AK
Patient selection for drip and ship thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.
The authors sought to determine whether the population of their offsite stroke patients receiving thrombolysis differed from patients treated directly at their stroke center. Their results showed that a smaller proportion of blacks and older adults arrived at their center from other facilities, possibly reflecting differences in how patients are selected for thrombolysis and transferred to a higher level of care.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Lyerly MJ, Albright KC, Boehme AK .
Patient selection for drip and ship thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.
South Med J 2015 Jul;108(7):393-8. doi: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000306.
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Keywords: Critical Care, Elderly, Stroke, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Bakullari A, Metersky ML, Wang Y
Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare-associated infections in the United States, 2009-2011.
This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in 79,019 Medicare patients hospitalized with acute cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, and major surgery. It found that Asian and Hispanic patients, but not non-Hispanic blacks, had significantly higher rates of HAIs than white non-Hispanic patients.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200003C
Citation: Bakullari A, Metersky ML, Wang Y .
Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare-associated infections in the United States, 2009-2011.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014 Oct;35 Suppl 3:S10-6. doi: 10.1086/677827..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Critical Care, Patient Safety