National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Case Study (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (2)
- Clinician-Patient Communication (2)
- Communication (2)
- Community-Acquired Infections (2)
- Data (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Home Healthcare (1)
- (-) Infectious Diseases (7)
- Nursing (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Provider: Pharmacist (1)
- Public Health (1)
- Screening (1)
- (-) Shared Decision Making (7)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (1)
- Vaccination (3)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedDowding D, Russell D, Trifilio M
Home care nurses' identification of patients at risk of infection and their risk mitigation strategies: a qualitative interview study.
Investigators sought to understand if and how home care nurses identify patients at high risk of infection and which strategies they use to mitigate that risk. Interviews with fifty nurses were audio recorded and transcribed. Factors identified by the nurses as putting a patient at higher risk of infection included being older, having diabetes, and inadequate nutrition as well as inadequate clinical information available at start of care. The main strategy for infection prevention was patient and caregiver education. Nurses also discussed the importance of their own infection prevention behaviors and the ability to adjust a patient's plan of care according to their infection risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS024723.
Citation: Dowding D, Russell D, Trifilio M .
Home care nurses' identification of patients at risk of infection and their risk mitigation strategies: a qualitative interview study.
Int J Nurs Stud 2020 Jul;107:103617. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103617..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Prevention, Nursing, Shared Decision Making
Asti L, Bartsch SM, Umscheid CA
The potential economic value of sputum culture use in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Researchers developed a decision model to determine the economic and clinical value of using sputum cultures in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) from the hospital perspective under various conditions. They found that, overall, obtaining sputum cultures does not provide significant clinical or economic benefits for CAP or HCAP patients; however, it can reduce costs and shorten overall length of stay under some circumstances. They recommended that clinicians consider their local conditions when making decisions about sputum culture use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Asti L, Bartsch SM, Umscheid CA .
The potential economic value of sputum culture use in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Aug;25(8):1038.e1-38.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.031..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Community-Acquired Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Costs, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Shared Decision Making
Shah PD, Calo WA, Gikey MB
Questions and concerns about HPV vaccine: a communication experiment.
The purpose of this study was to identify effective responses to parents' questions and concerns about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, using a surveyed national sample of 1196 parents of children aged 9 - 17. Brief videos of a pediatrician providing messages that addressed seven HPV vaccination topics were recorded and parents viewed four videos on one randomly assigned topic, in random order, and evaluated the messages. The authors conclude that the most important principles for increasing message effectiveness are to include information on the benefits of vaccination, including cancer prevention, and to avoid expressing urgency to vaccinate when addressing parents' questions or concerns. The authors also recommend that providers need to be prepared to have longer conversations with parents who express concerns about the HPV vaccine.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Shah PD, Calo WA, Gikey MB .
Questions and concerns about HPV vaccine: a communication experiment.
Pediatrics 2019 Feb;143(2):pii: e20181872. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1872..
Keywords: Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Shared Decision Making, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination
Shay LA, Baldwin AS, Betts AC
Parent-provider communication of HPV vaccine hesitancy.
The authors of this study developed a typology characterizing parent-provider communication around the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in order to assist providers in communicating more effectively with parents around HPV vaccine hesitancy. Visits with unvaccinated adolescents at six pediatric clinics in Dallas, Texas, in which parents were undecided about HPV vaccination, were audio-recorded. The parents’ verbal expression of hesitancy and whether the providers responded with acquiescence and/or persistence were qualitatively coded, and the frequency of parent and provider communication codes and same-day vaccination described. The results indicate that providers who engage hesitant parents and address their concerns can lead to same-day HPV vaccination, and that even parents who make assertive statements are amenable to influence by providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Shay LA, Baldwin AS, Betts AC .
Parent-provider communication of HPV vaccine hesitancy.
Pediatrics 2018 Jun;141(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-2312..
Keywords: Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Shared Decision Making, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination
Shah PD, Calo WA, Marciniak MW
Service quality and parents' willingness to get adolescents HPV vaccine from pharmacists.
The researchers sought to examine whether pharmacy service quality was associated with parents' willingness to have immunizing pharmacists administer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to their adolescent children. They found that parents who went to independent pharmacies had lower willingness to get HPV vaccine from pharmacists compared to parents who went to chain pharmacies, but there was no difference in willingness for parents who went to clinic versus chain pharmacies.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Shah PD, Calo WA, Marciniak MW .
Service quality and parents' willingness to get adolescents HPV vaccine from pharmacists.
Prev Med 2018 Apr;109:106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.01.002.
.
.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Shared Decision Making, Infectious Diseases, Provider: Pharmacist, Vaccination
Fan T, Rogers A
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant adults and adolescents.
R.J. is a 27-year-old man who presents for a well-patient visit. He always keeps his appointments and likes to make sure he is healthy. R.J. has started a new relationship and asks if he should be screened for syphilis. The case study asks a series of three questions based on the USPSTF recommendation statement. Answers are provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Rogers A .
Screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant adults and adolescents.
Am Fam Physician 2017 Sep 15;96(6):393-94.
.
.
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Shared Decision Making, Infectious Diseases, Case Study
Roosan D, Del Fiol G, Butler J
Feasibility of population health analytics and data visualization for decision support in the infectious diseases domain: a pilot study.
The objectives of this study were: 1) to explore the feasibility of extracting and displaying population-based information from an actual clinical population's database records, 2) to explore specific design features for improving population display, 3) to explore perceptions of population information displays, and 4) to explore the impact of population information display on cognitive outcomes. It concluded that a population database has great potential for reducing complexity and uncertainty in medicine to improve clinical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS023349.
Citation: Roosan D, Del Fiol G, Butler J .
Feasibility of population health analytics and data visualization for decision support in the infectious diseases domain: a pilot study.
Appl Clin Inform 2016 Jun 29;7(2):604-23. doi: 10.4338/aci-2015-12-ra-0182.
.
.
Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Data, Shared Decision Making, Infectious Diseases, Public Health