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- Antibiotics (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 17 of 17 Research Studies DisplayedBartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Wedlock PT
The benefits of vaccinating with the first available COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine.
This study’s objective was to determine quantitatively the benefits of early vaccination for COVID-19 even if later on in the pandemic a latter vaccine has substantially higher efficacy. The team developed this model in 2020 before vaccinations became available. For example if a vaccine with 50% efficacy becomes available when 10% of the population has already been infected, waiting until 40% of the population are infected for a vaccine with 80% efficacy results in 15.6 million additional cases and 1.5 million additional hospitalizations, costing $20.6 billion more in direct medical costs and $12.4 billion more in productivity losses.
AHRQ-funded; HS028165.
Citation: Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Wedlock PT .
The benefits of vaccinating with the first available COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine.
Am J Prev Med 2021 May;60(5):605-13. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.001..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Healthcare Costs, Prevention, Infectious Diseases
Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Wedlock PT
Potential clinical and economic value of norovirus vaccination in the community setting.
This paper examined the potential clinical and economic value of norovirus vaccination in a community setting using a transmission, clinical, and economics computation simulation model representing different U.S. population segments. The simulation looked at the impact of vaccinating children <5 years and older adults aged 65 and older. Compared with no vaccine, vaccinating preschool-aged children averted 8-7% of symptomatic norovirus cases in a community and vaccinating older adults averted 2-29% of symptomatic cases. Vaccination with a 25% vaccine efficacy was cost effective when vaccinations cost ≤$445 and cost saving at ≤$370 when vaccinating preschool-aged children and ≤$42 and ≤$30, respectively for older adults. With 50% efficacy, vaccination was cost effective when it cost ≤$1,190 and cost saving at ≤$930 when vaccinating preschool-aged children and ≤$110 and ≤$64, respectively, for older adults. At 75% vaccine efficacy the cost thresholds increased to ≤$1,600 and ≤$1,300 for preschool-aged children and ≤$165 and ≤$100 for older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Wedlock PT .
Potential clinical and economic value of norovirus vaccination in the community setting.
Am J Prev Med 2021 Mar;60(3):360-68. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.10.022..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Vaccination, Healthcare Costs
Nelson RE, Lautenbach E, Chang N
Attributable cost of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a long-term care center.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the attributable cost of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) healthcare-associated infections in long-term care centers (LTCCs) within the Department of Veterans Affairs. Findings showed a significant increase in the odds of being transferred to an acute care facility and in acute care costs. These findings of high cost and increased risk of transfer from LTCC to acute care are important because they highlight the substantial clinical and economic impact of MRSA infections in this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS023794.
Citation: Nelson RE, Lautenbach E, Chang N .
Attributable cost of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a long-term care center.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 Jan 29;72(Suppl 1):S27-s33. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1582..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Costs, Long-Term Care
Rodriguez PJ, Roberts DA, Meisner J
Cost-effectiveness of dual maternal HIV and syphilis testing strategies in high and low HIV prevalence countries: a modelling study.
Dual HIV and syphilis testing might help to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and syphilis through increased case detection and treatment. In this study, the investigators aimed to model and assess the cost-effectiveness of dual testing during antenatal care in four countries with varying HIV and syphilis prevalence. The authors concluded that incorporating dual rapid diagnostic tests in antenatal care could be cost-saving across countries with varying HIV prevalence.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Rodriguez PJ, Roberts DA, Meisner J .
Cost-effectiveness of dual maternal HIV and syphilis testing strategies in high and low HIV prevalence countries: a modelling study.
Lancet Glob Health 2021 Jan;9(1):e61-e71. doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30395-8..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Pregnancy, Women, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Healthcare Costs
Skaathun B, Pho MT, Pollack HA
Comparison of effectiveness and cost for different HIV screening strategies implemented at large urban medical centre in the United States.
This analysis compared the effectiveness and cost of three HIV testing strategies in a high HIV burden area in the U.S. in identifying new HIV infections. The investigators performed a cost analysis comparing three HIV testing strategies in Chicago: (1) routine screening (RS) in an inpatient and outpatient setting, (2) modified partner services (MPS) among networks of the recently HIV infected and diagnosed, and (3) a respondent drive sampling (RDS)-based social network (SN) approach targeting young African-American men who have sex with men.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Skaathun B, Pho MT, Pollack HA .
Comparison of effectiveness and cost for different HIV screening strategies implemented at large urban medical centre in the United States.
J Int AIDS Soc 2020 Oct;23(10):e25554. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25554..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Healthcare Costs, Prevention, Infectious Diseases
Bartsch SM, Asti L, Stokes-Cawley OJ
The potential economic value of a Zika vaccine for a woman of childbearing age.
The authors mapped the Zika vaccine and vaccination characteristic thresholds at which vaccination becomes cost effective, highly cost effective, and cost saving. They developed a Markov model to simulate a woman of childbearing age to follow the potential risk and clinical course of a Zika infection. They found that, in some cases, the vaccine was cost effective when the risk was as low as 0.015%, the cost was as high as $7,500, the efficacy was as low as 25%, and the duration of protection was 1 year. They concluded that the thresholds at which vaccination becomes cost effective and cost saving can provide targets for Zika vaccine development and implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Asti L, Stokes-Cawley OJ .
The potential economic value of a Zika vaccine for a woman of childbearing age.
Am J Prev Med 2020 Mar;58(3):370-77. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.10.023..
Keywords: Vaccination, Women, Infectious Diseases, Public Health, Healthcare Costs, Prevention
Bartsch SM, Asti L, Cox SN
What is the value of different Zika vaccination strategies to prevent and mitigate Zika outbreaks?
The authors developed models of Honduras, Brazil, and Puerto Rico, simulated targeting different populations for Zika vaccination, and then introduced various Zika outbreaks. Their models showed that, when considering transmission, while vaccinating everyone naturally averted the most cases, specifically targeting women of childbearing age or young adults was the most cost-effective.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Asti L, Cox SN .
What is the value of different Zika vaccination strategies to prevent and mitigate Zika outbreaks?
J Infect Dis 2019 Aug 9;220(6):920-31. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy688..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Vaccination, Public Health, Infectious Diseases
Asti L, Bartsch SM, Umscheid CA
The potential economic value of sputum culture use in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Researchers developed a decision model to determine the economic and clinical value of using sputum cultures in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) from the hospital perspective under various conditions. They found that, overall, obtaining sputum cultures does not provide significant clinical or economic benefits for CAP or HCAP patients; however, it can reduce costs and shorten overall length of stay under some circumstances. They recommended that clinicians consider their local conditions when making decisions about sputum culture use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Asti L, Bartsch SM, Umscheid CA .
The potential economic value of sputum culture use in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Aug;25(8):1038.e1-38.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.031..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Community-Acquired Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Costs, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Shared Decision Making
Malloy GSP, Brandeau ML, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD
Modeling the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent plague in Madagascar.
The authors assessed the cost-effectiveness of plague (Yersinia pestis) control interventions recommended by the World Health Organization with particular consideration to intervention coverage and timing. They calculated costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from a healthcare perspective. The preferred intervention, using a cost-effectiveness threshold of $1350/QALY, was expanded access to antibiotic treatment with doxycycline with 100% coverage starting immediately after the first reported case, gaining 543 QALYs at an incremental cost of $1023/QALY gained. Sensitivity analyses support expanded access to antibiotic treatment and leave open the possibility that mass distribution of doxycycline prophylaxis or mass distribution of malathion could be cost-effective.
AHRQ-funded; HS026128.
Citation: Malloy GSP, Brandeau ML, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD .
Modeling the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent plague in Madagascar.
Trop Med Infect Dis 2021 Jun 11;6(2). doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020101..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Costs, Public Health, Prevention
Wedlock PT, Mitgang EA, Oron AP
Modeling the economic impact of different vial-opening thresholds for measles-containing vaccines.
The lack of specific policies on how many children must be present at a vaccinating location before a healthcare worker can open a measles-containing vaccine (MCV) - i.e. the vial-opening threshold - has led to inconsistent practices, which can have wide-ranging systems effects. Using HERMES-generated simulation models of the routine immunization supply chains of Benin, Mozambique and Niger, the investigators evaluated the impact of different vial-opening thresholds (none, 30% of doses must be used, 60%) and MCV presentations (10-dose, 5-dose) on each supply chain.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Wedlock PT, Mitgang EA, Oron AP .
Modeling the economic impact of different vial-opening thresholds for measles-containing vaccines.
Vaccine 2019 Apr 17;37(17):2356-68. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.017..
Keywords: Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Costs, Public Health
Bartsch SM, Avelis CM, Asti L
The economic value of identifying and treating Chagas disease patients earlier and the impact on Trypanosoma cruzi transmission.
Researchers evaluated the economic value of identifying and treatment Chagas disease patients as early as possible. Chagas disease is a parasitic disease which effects many people around the world. Investigators went to a village in Yucatan, Mexico with a population of 2,000 and evaluated impact and economic outcomes of identifying and treating patients in acute and indeterminate states of the disease. They estimated the number of acute cases averted, the number of chronic cases, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and savings from the cost of treating more advanced stages of the disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Avelis CM, Asti L .
The economic value of identifying and treating Chagas disease patients earlier and the impact on Trypanosoma cruzi transmission.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 Nov 5;12(11):e0006809. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006809..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Infectious Diseases, Prevention
Kline SE, Sanstead EC, Johnson JR
Cost-effectiveness of pre-operative Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization.
In this study, the investigators developed a decision analytic model to evaluate the impact of a preoperative Staphylococcus aureus decolonization bundle on surgical site infections (SSIs), health-care-associated costs (HCACs), and deaths due to SSI. The investigators predict that the treat-all strategy would be the most effective and cost-saving strategy for preventing SSIs. However, they concluded that because this strategy might select more extensively for mupirocin-resistant S. aureus and cause more medication adverse effects than the test-and-treat approach or the SOC, additional studies are needed to define its comparative benefits and harms.
AHRQ-funded; HS022912.
Citation: Kline SE, Sanstead EC, Johnson JR .
Cost-effectiveness of pre-operative Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Nov;39(11):1340-46. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.228..
Keywords: Surgery, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Prevention, Healthcare Costs
Eaton EF, Joe W, Kilgore ML
Reverse syphilis screening algorithm fails to demonstrate cost effectiveness in persons living with HIV.
This paper compares the reverse syphilis screening algorithm to the traditional algorithm and the costs for health systems serving persons living with HIV needing annual syphilis screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Eaton EF, Joe W, Kilgore ML .
Reverse syphilis screening algorithm fails to demonstrate cost effectiveness in persons living with HIV.
Int J STD AIDS 2018 May;29(6):563-67. doi: 10.1177/0956462417743409.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Costs, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Screening
Narla S, Silverberg JI
Association between atopic dermatitis and serious cutaneous, multiorgan and systemic infections in US adults.
This study sought to determine whether adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an unusually large number of serious infections and related outcomes. Using data from the 2002 to 2012 National Inpatient Sample Adults, it found that adults with AD had increased cutaneous, respiratory, multiorgan, and systemic infections, which were associated with a considerable cost burden.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Narla S, Silverberg JI .
Association between atopic dermatitis and serious cutaneous, multiorgan and systemic infections in US adults.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 Jan;120(1):66-72.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.019.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Infectious Diseases, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Haidari LA, Brown ST, Constenla D
Geospatial planning and the resulting economic impact of human papillomavirus vaccine introduction in Mozambique.
Researchers developed the Strategic Integrated Geo-temporal Mapping Application) to determine the potential economic impact of HPV immunization in Mozambique. If each health center covers a catchment area with a 5-km radius, then 40 percent of the target population could be reached to prevent 50 cases, 178 disability-adjusted life years, and US $202,854 in health care costs and lost productivity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Haidari LA, Brown ST, Constenla D .
Geospatial planning and the resulting economic impact of human papillomavirus vaccine introduction in Mozambique.
Sex Transm Dis 2017 Apr;44(4):222-26. doi: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000574.
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Keywords: Cancer, Healthcare Costs, Infectious Diseases, Sexual Health, Vaccination
Fitzpatrick MC, Shah HA, Pandey A
One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India.
The authors developed a data-driven rabies transmission model fit to human rabies autopsy data and human rabies surveillance data from Tamil Nadu, India. They found that highly feasible strategies focused on stray dogs, vaccinating as few as 7% of dogs annually, could very cost-effectively reduce human rabies deaths by 70% within 5 years, and a modest expansion to vaccinating 13% of stray dogs could cost-effectively reduce human rabies by almost 90%. Futher, if owners are willing to bring dogs to central point campaigns at double the rate that campaign teams can capture strays, expanded annual targets become cost-effective.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Fitzpatrick MC, Shah HA, Pandey A .
One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 Dec 20;113(51):14574-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604975113.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Vaccination
Bartsch SM, Gorham K, Lee BY
The cost of an Ebola case.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to estimate the cost of an Ebola virus disease (EVD) case from the provider and societal perspectives in the three most affected countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Their model estimates the total societal cost of an EVD case with full recovery ranges from $480 to $912, while that of an EVD case not surviving ranges from $5,929 to $18,929, varying by age and country.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Gorham K, Lee BY .
The cost of an Ebola case.
Pathog Glob Health 2015 Feb;109(1):4-9. doi: 10.1179/2047773214y.0000000169..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Mortality, Public Health, Infectious Diseases