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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedRees CA, Stewart AM, Portillo EN
Reporting of important social determinants of health in pediatric clinical trials.
The purpose of this study was to assess the rates and trends in the reporting of sexual orientation, gender identity, preferred language, and socioeconomic factors in published pediatric clinical trials. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric clinical trials in the United States published from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2020 in 5 general pediatric and 5 general medical journals with the highest impact factor in their respective fields. Outcomes included reporting of sexual orientation, gender identity, socioeconomic factors, and preferred language. The study found that in 612 trials, 29.6% reported preferred language. Among these, 64.6% exclusively enrolled participants whose preferred language was English. From 2011 to 2020, there was a relative increase in the reporting of preferred language. Socioeconomic factors were reported in 47.9% of trials. There was no significant change in the reporting of socioeconomic factors of published trial results among adolescent participants reported any measure of sexual orientation, and 1.1% reported gender identity. The researchers concluded that despite sexual orientation, gender identity, preferred language, and socioeconomic factors being increasingly recognized as social determinants of health these variables were infrequently included in pediatric clinical trial results reporting.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503.
Citation: Rees CA, Stewart AM, Portillo EN .
Reporting of important social determinants of health in pediatric clinical trials.
Am J Prev Med 2023 Jun; 64(6):918-26. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.004..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Health Services Research (HSR)
Murray GF, Rodriguez HP, Lewis VA
Upstream with a small paddle: how ACOs are working against the current to meet patients' social needs.
This study’s goal was to understand how health care providers with strong motivation and commitment fared at addressing patients' social needs. Researchers found that the 22 accountable care organizations studied were frequently lacking data on both their patients' social needs and the capabilities of potential community partners. Additionally, partnerships between accountable care organizations and community-based organizations were only in the early stages of development. The researchers concluded that policies that could facilitate the integration of social determinants included providing sustainable funding, implementing local and regional networking initiatives to facilitate partnership development, and developing standardized data on community-based organizations' services and quality to aid providers that seek partners.
AHRQ-funded; HS024792.
Citation: Murray GF, Rodriguez HP, Lewis VA .
Upstream with a small paddle: how ACOs are working against the current to meet patients' social needs.
Health Aff 2020 Feb;39(2):199-206. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01266..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Health Services Research (HSR)
Kaufman A, Dickinson WP, Fagnan LJ
The role of health extension in practice transformation and community health improvement: lessons from 5 case studies.
The states of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Colorado, and Washington stand out in stretching the boundaries of health extension; their stories reveal lessons learned regarding the successes and challenges. All states saw the need for long-term, sustained fundraising beyond grants in an environment expecting a short-term return on investment, and they were challenged operating in a shifting health system landscape where the creativity and personal relationships built with small primary care practices was hindered when these practices were purchased by larger health delivery systems.
AHRQ-funded; HS020890; HS020972; HS23904; HS023908.
Citation: Kaufman A, Dickinson WP, Fagnan LJ .
The role of health extension in practice transformation and community health improvement: lessons from 5 case studies.
Ann Fam Med 2019 Aug 12;17(Suppl 1):S67-s72. doi: 10.1370/afm.2409..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Organizational Change, Primary Care, Social Determinants of Health, Practice Improvement
Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM
Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012.
This study analyzed state-level maternal mortality for the years 1997-2012 using multilevel mixed-effects regression grouped by state, using publicly available data. The study concluded that, in addition to better case ascertainment of maternal deaths, adverse changes in chronic diseases, insufficient healthcare access, and social determinants of health represent identifiable risks for maternal mortality that merit prompt attention in population-directed interventions and health policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS025465.
Citation: Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM .
Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012.
BMC Public Health 2018 Aug 13;18(1):1007. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5935-2..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Pregnancy, Social Determinants of Health
Attanasio LB, Hardeman RR, Kozhimannil KB
Prenatal attitudes toward vaginal delivery and actual delivery mode: variation by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
This study examined whether women's prenatal attitudes toward vaginal delivery differed by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status, and whether attitudes were differently related to delivery mode depending on race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. The study concluded that there are racial/ethnic differences in chances of cesarean delivery, and these differences are not explained by birth attitudes. Findings also suggested that white and high-socioeconomic status women may be more able to realize their preferences in childbirth.
AHRQ-funded; HS024215.
Citation: Attanasio LB, Hardeman RR, Kozhimannil KB .
Prenatal attitudes toward vaginal delivery and actual delivery mode: variation by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
Birth 2017 Dec;44(4):306-14. doi: 10.1111/birt.12305..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Carr BG, Bowman AJ, Wolff CS
Disparities in access to trauma care in the United States: a population-based analysis.
This study examined the association between geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors and trauma center access, with subgroup analyses of urban-rural disparities. It concluded that, while the majority of the United States has access to trauma care within an hour, almost 30 million US residents do not. Significant disparities in access were evident for vulnerable populations defined by insurance status, income, and rurality.
AHRQ-funded; HS017960.
Citation: Carr BG, Bowman AJ, Wolff CS .
Disparities in access to trauma care in the United States: a population-based analysis.
Injury 2017 Feb;48(2):332-38. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.01.008.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Health Services Research (HSR), Social Determinants of Health, Trauma
Caldwell JT, Ford CL, Wallace SP
Racial and ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas.
This study examined the relationship between racial/ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas. In rural areas, segregation contributed to worse access to a usual source of health care but higher reports of health care needs being met among African Americans and Hispanics.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078; HS022811.
Citation: Caldwell JT, Ford CL, Wallace SP .
Racial and ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas.
Health Place 2017 Jan;43:104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.11.015.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Health Services Research (HSR), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Rural Health, Social Determinants of Health
Geissler KH, Becker C, Stearns SC
Exploring the association of homicides in northern Mexico and healthcare access for US residents.
The reesearchers analyzed whether recent increases in homicides in Mexico are associated with reduced healthcare access for US border residents. They found that, despite a decrease in border crossings, increased violence in Mexico did not appear to negatively affect healthcare access for US border residents.
AHRQ-funded; HS021074.
Citation: Geissler KH, Becker C, Stearns SC .
Exploring the association of homicides in northern Mexico and healthcare access for US residents.
J Immigr Minor Health 2015 Aug;17(4):1214-24. doi: 10.1007/s10903-014-0053-4.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Health Services Research (HSR), Social Determinants of Health
Davis AE, Mehrotra S, Friedewald JJ
Improving geographic equity in kidney transplantation using alternative kidney sharing and optimization modeling.
The authors analyzed current kidney allocation and developed an alternative kidney sharing strategy using a multiperiod linear optimization model, KSHARE, which aims to improve geographic equity in kidney transplantation while also respecting transplant system constraints and priorities. They used Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data to determine that enhancing the practice of sharing kidneys by the KSHARE model may increase geographic equity in kidney transplantation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021078.
Citation: Davis AE, Mehrotra S, Friedewald JJ .
Improving geographic equity in kidney transplantation using alternative kidney sharing and optimization modeling.
Med Decis Making 2015 Aug;35(6):797-807. doi: 10.1177/0272989x14557696.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Health Services Research (HSR), Social Determinants of Health, Transplantation
Pylypchuk Y, Sarpong EM
AHRQ Author: Sarpong EM
Comparison of health care utilization: United States versus Canada.
The purpose of this paper was to compare health care utilization between Canadian and U.S. residents. Findings showed that the poor and less educated were more likely to utilize health care in Canada than in the United States, while health care use for residents with high incomes and higher levels of education were not markedly different between the two countries and often higher for U.S residents. Also, foreign-born residents were more likely to use health care in Canada than in the United States.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Pylypchuk Y, Sarpong EM .
Comparison of health care utilization: United States versus Canada.
Health Serv Res 2013 Apr;48(2 Pt 1):560-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01466.x.
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Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Utilization, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Social Determinants of Health