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Search All Research Studies
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedFranc BL, Thombley R, Luo Y
Using diagnosis codes in claims data to identify cohorts of breast cancer patients following initial treatment.
This article describes how researchers trying to study patterns of care and medical service utilization can use diagnosis codes to help identify patients who had undergone initial breast cancer treatment during the first 5 years after treatment for the primary cancer. The authors used claims data of 51,278 newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients from the BC subset of the 2000-2014 SEER-Medicare linked database. From that database they determined the fraction of BC patients who could be identified using BC-specific does 174.x and v10.3 during the year of diagnosis/treatment and during each of the following 5 years after treatment. They then developed a list of diagnosis codes that were found more often in claims from BC patients than in claims of a cohort of patients without a BC diagnosis. They were able to identify BC patients as belonging to 5 different subgroups. In any single year 72.8-99.1% of BC patients had a claim with a174.x diagnosis code. Another 0-11% of BC patients had a v10.3 code. From their findings they concluded that BC patients can be robustly identified within claims databases.
AHRQ-funded; HS024936.
Citation: Franc BL, Thombley R, Luo Y .
Using diagnosis codes in claims data to identify cohorts of breast cancer patients following initial treatment.
Breast J 2020 Jul;26(7):1472-74. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13758..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Women, Research Methodologies
Munger Clary HM, Croxton RD, Allan J
Who is willing to participate in research? A screening model for an anxiety and depression trial in the epilepsy clinic.
This study assessed the willingness of epilepsy patients positively screened for anxiety and/or depression to participate in a research study. A total of 199 patients screened positively during a routine epilepsy screening visit and 154 (77.4%) opted-in for further research assessment. Nearly half of those 199 individuals were already being treated for anxiety and/or depression, with 46.7% receiving neither antidepressants or therapy. Higher depression scores and current treatment were independently associated with opting in. One-quarter reported a past psychiatric hospitalization, but only half of those individuals were currently receiving mental health specialty care.
AHRQ-funded; HS025723.
Citation: Munger Clary HM, Croxton RD, Allan J .
Who is willing to participate in research? A screening model for an anxiety and depression trial in the epilepsy clinic.
Epilepsy Behav 2020 Mar;104(Pt A):106907. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106907..
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Behavioral Health, Neurological Disorders, Chronic Conditions, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Muenks CE, Hogan PG, Burnham CD
Comparing the yield of Staphylococcus aureus recovery with static versus agitated broth incubation.
This study sought to compare the yield of Staphylococcus aureus with a broth enrichment method when incubated in agitated versus static conditions. The investigators found that when broth enrichment was used (both static and agitated), the burden of S. aureus growth was higher compared to the direct plating culture method.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Muenks CE, Hogan PG, Burnham CD .
Comparing the yield of Staphylococcus aureus recovery with static versus agitated broth incubation.
J Pathog 2018 Jul 26;2018:1462671. doi: 10.1155/2018/1462671..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Research Methodologies, Infectious Diseases
Vakharia PP, Chopra R, Silverberg JI
Systematic review of diagnostic criteria used in atopic dermatitis randomized controlled trials.
This study sought to determine the most commonly used atopic dermatitis diagnostic criteria in randomized controlled trials internationally. The results highlighted the lack of uniformity and documentation of atopic dermatitis diagnostic criteria in randomized controlled trials for atopic dermatitis. The investigators recommended harmonizing the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis in future randomized controlled trials.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Vakharia PP, Chopra R, Silverberg JI .
Systematic review of diagnostic criteria used in atopic dermatitis randomized controlled trials.
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Feb;19(1):15-22. doi: 10.1007/s40257-017-0299-4..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies, Skin Conditions
Chen Y, Liu Y, Chu H
A simple and robust method for multivariate meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.
The recently proposed trivariate generalized linear mixed-effects models are only applicable to cohort studies, and more importantly, they assume a common correlation structure across studies and trivariate normality on disease prevalence, test sensitivity, and specificity after transformation by some pre-specified link functions. In this paper, the authors evaluate the performance of the commonly used random-effects model under violations of these assumptions and propose a simple and robust method to fully utilize the information contained in case-control and cohort studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS022900; HS020666.
Citation: Chen Y, Liu Y, Chu H .
A simple and robust method for multivariate meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.
Stat Med 2017 Jan 15;36(1):105-21. doi: 10.1002/sim.7093.
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Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Research Methodologies
Ma X, Chen Y, Cole SR
A hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests: accounting for partial verification bias.
In this paper, the authors proposed a novel hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies while simultaneously correcting partial verification bias. They presented two case studies on assessing the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in detecting lymph node metastases and of adrenal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in characterizing adrenal masses.
AHRQ-funded; HS022900.
Citation: Ma X, Chen Y, Cole SR .
A hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests: accounting for partial verification bias.
Stat Methods Med Res 2016 Dec;25(6):3015-37. doi: 10.1177/0962280214536703.
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Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging, Research Methodologies
Sjoding MW, Cooke CR, Iwashyna TJ
Acute respiratory distress syndrome measurement error. Potential effect on clinical study results.
This study investigated how the degree of variability in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) measurement commonly reported in clinical studies affects study power, the accuracy of treatment effect estimates, and the measured strength of risk factor associations. It found that lower reliability measurement of ARDS during patient enrollment in randomized controlled trials seriously degraded study power and effect size estimates of clinical studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Sjoding MW, Cooke CR, Iwashyna TJ .
Acute respiratory distress syndrome measurement error. Potential effect on clinical study results.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016 Jul;13(7):1123-8. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201601-072OC.
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Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Research Methodologies, Respiratory Conditions
Mehta HB, Dimou F, Adhikari D
Comparison of comorbidity scores in predicting surgical outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to compare diagnosis-based and prescription-based comorbidity scores for predicting surgical outcomes. It concluded that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-Hierarchical Condition Categories had superior performance in predicting surgical outcomes. Prescription-based scores, alone or in addition to diagnosis-based scores, were not better than any diagnosis-based scoring system.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Mehta HB, Dimou F, Adhikari D .
Comparison of comorbidity scores in predicting surgical outcomes.
Med Care 2016 Feb;54(2):180-7. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000465..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Surgery, Research Methodologies, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Adverse Events
Dahabreh IJ, Chung M, Kitsios GD
Survey of the methods and reporting practices in published meta-analyses of test performance: 1987 to 2009.
The researchers performed a survey of meta-analyses of test performance to describe the evolution in their methods and reporting. They found that the most common clinical areas were cardiovascular disease and oncology, while the most common test categories were imaging and biomarker tests. They concluded that the methods employed in meta-analyses of test performance have improved with the introduction of quality assessment checklists and the development of more sophisticated statistical methods.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710055I; HS013328.
Citation: Dahabreh IJ, Chung M, Kitsios GD .
Survey of the methods and reporting practices in published meta-analyses of test performance: 1987 to 2009.
Res Synth Methods 2013 Sep;4(3):242-55. doi: 10.1002/jrsm.1083.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Research Methodologies