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Topics
- Adverse Events (5)
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- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
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- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (6)
- Communication (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (3)
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- Injuries and Wounds (3)
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- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Labor and Delivery (4)
- Maternal Care (2)
- Medication (3)
- Mortality (3)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (4)
- (-) Newborns/Infants (25)
- Nursing (2)
- Opioids (1)
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- Respiratory Conditions (3)
- Risk (4)
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- Training (1)
- Transitions of Care (1)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 25 Research Studies DisplayedNguyen DK, Friedlander S, Fleischman RJ
Length of stay and complications associated with febrile infants <90 days of age hospitalized in the United States, 2000-2012.
This study tracked length of stay (LOS) and complications associated with febrile infants younger than 90 days hospitalized in the United States from 2000-2012. Data from the HCUP Kids’ Inpatient Database and other state-specific data was used to identify infants hospitalized in 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. Multivariate analysis was used to determine LOS, risk factors for prolonged LOS, and complications of care among infants with isolated fever or viral respiratory disease. 44,875 infants were identified with approximately two-thirds staying for 2 days or less, and 11% for 4 days or more. Factors associated with longer LOS included younger age, critical clinical status, concomitant chronic disease, and presence of complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS024146.
Citation: Nguyen DK, Friedlander S, Fleischman RJ .
Length of stay and complications associated with febrile infants <90 days of age hospitalized in the United States, 2000-2012.
Hosp Pediatr 2018 Dec;8(12):746-52. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2018-0132..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents
Varda BK, Finkelstein JB, Wang HH
The association between continuous antibiotic prophylaxis and UTI from birth until initial postnatal imaging evaluation among newborns with antenatal hydronephrosis.
This study examined whether the routine use of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) before initial postnatal imaging is effective to prevent urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants with a history of antenatal urinary tract dilation (AUTD). A single-institution, retrospective cohort study of infants with a history of AUTD was conducted. A random sample of 500 infants was selected with six excluded for other congenital anomalies. Of the 494 remaining, 157 (32%) received CAP. There was no difference found in UTI incidence among those treated with CAP and those who were not.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Varda BK, Finkelstein JB, Wang HH .
The association between continuous antibiotic prophylaxis and UTI from birth until initial postnatal imaging evaluation among newborns with antenatal hydronephrosis.
J Pediatr Urol 2018 Dec;14(6):539.e1-39.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.04.022..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Newborns/Infants, Imaging, Medication, Prevention
Akinboyo IC, Voskertchian A, Gorfu G
Epidemiology and risk factors for recurrent Staphylococcus aureus colonization following active surveillance and decolonization in the NICU.
In this single center retrospective cohort study, the investigators sought to examine neonatal risk factors associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus colonization and to determine the genetic relatedness of S. aureus strains cultured from neonates before and after decolonization.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Akinboyo IC, Voskertchian A, Gorfu G .
Epidemiology and risk factors for recurrent Staphylococcus aureus colonization following active surveillance and decolonization in the NICU.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Nov;39(11):1334-39. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.223..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants, Risk
Han RH, McKinnon A, CreveCoeur TS
Predictors of mortality for preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage: a population-based study.
This study examined the risk factors for mortality in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). An overall inpatient mortality occurred in 10% of the cohort of 7437 preterm infants born between 2005 and 2014. Mortality risk was independently associated with a variety of factors including male sex, Asian race, lower gestational age, higher IVH grade, gastrotomy, tracheostomy, and shunt infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Han RH, McKinnon A, CreveCoeur TS .
Predictors of mortality for preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage: a population-based study.
Childs Nerv Syst 2018 Nov;34(11):2203-13. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s00381-018-3897-4..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes
Pouppirt NR, Nassar R, Napolitano N
Association between video laryngoscopy and adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in the neonatal intensive care unit.
The purpose of this single-site retrospective cohort study was to consider the possible effect of video laryngoscopy on adverse events during neonatal tracheal intubation. The researchers conclude that video laryngoscopy was independently associated with decreased risk for adverse events.
AHRQ-funded; HS022464; HS024511.
Citation: Pouppirt NR, Nassar R, Napolitano N .
Association between video laryngoscopy and adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in the neonatal intensive care unit.
J Pediatr 2018 Oct;201:281-84.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.046..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants, Patient Safety
Sutherland S, Brunwasser SM
Sex differences in vulnerability to prenatal stress: a review of the recent literature.
This review evaluates the degree to which recent studies provide evidence that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has a varying effect on child health outcomes depending on the child's biological sex. “Stress” includes negative life events, psychological stress, and established stress biomarkers. A review of 50 peer-reviewed articles revealed that most found evidence of either sex-specific associations or significant PNMS (x) stress interactions for at least one outcome. Sex-dependent effects were strongest in the group of studies that evaluated child neural/nervous system development and temperament.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Sutherland S, Brunwasser SM .
Sex differences in vulnerability to prenatal stress: a review of the recent literature.
Sex differences in vulnerability to prenatal stress: a review of the recent literature.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Sex Factors, Stress
Travers CP, Carlo WA, Nakhmani A
Environmental or nasal cannula supplemental oxygen for preterm infants: a randomized cross-over trial.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that environmental compared with nasal cannula oxygen decreases episodes of intermittent hypoxemia in preterm infants on supplemental oxygen by providing a more stable hypopharyngeal oxygen concentration. The investigators found that in preterm infants receiving supplemental oxygen, servo-controlled oxygen environment decreased hypoxemia compared with nasal cannula.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Travers CP, Carlo WA, Nakhmani A .
Environmental or nasal cannula supplemental oxygen for preterm infants: a randomized cross-over trial.
J Pediatr 2018 Sep;200:98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.010..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Respiratory Conditions
Connor KA, Duran G, Faiz-Nassar M
Feasibility of implementing group well baby/well woman dyad care at federally qualified health centers.
The aim of this qualitative study was to assess stakeholder perspectives on the feasibility of implementing Centering Parenting (CP) in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Baltimore. The investigators concluded that perceptions regarding facilitators and barriers to CP implementation in FQHCs were similar to existing group well-child care literature; however the benefit of emphasis on maternal wellness was a unique finding. The investigators suggested that a maternal wellness integration might make CP a particularly desirable model for implementation at FQHCs, but potential systems barriers must be addressed.
AHRQ-funded; HS017596.
Citation: Connor KA, Duran G, Faiz-Nassar M .
Feasibility of implementing group well baby/well woman dyad care at federally qualified health centers.
Acad Pediatr 2018 Jul;18(5):510-15. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.09.011..
Keywords: Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Health Promotion, Healthcare Delivery, Maternal Care, Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy, Women
Voskertchian A, Akinboyo IC, Colantuoni E
Association of an active surveillance and decolonization program on incidence of clinical cultures growing Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal intensive care unit.
In this article, the authors discuss the association of an active surveillance and decolonization program on incidence of clinical cultures growing Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). They suggest that incorporating methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) screening into a NICU’s infection control protocol may be an important step to reduce S. aureus infections in the vulnerable neonatal population.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Voskertchian A, Akinboyo IC, Colantuoni E .
Association of an active surveillance and decolonization program on incidence of clinical cultures growing Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Jul;39(7):882-84. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.81..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants
Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
This retrospective cohort study examined the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis for infants born between 1996 and 2008. The infants were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health system. Infants who ever received RSV immunoprophylaxis had a 32% decreased risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization and finants with chronic lung disease (CLD) had a 52% decreased risk. The 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines changed recommendations for RSV immunoprophylaxis which made 48% of infants no longer eligible but nearly all infants with CLD would remain eligible.
AHRQ-funded; HS018454.
Citation: Wu P, Escobar GJ, Gebretsadik T .
Effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in reducing bronchiolitis hospitalizations among high-risk infants.
Am J Epidemiol 2018 Jul;187(7):1490-500. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy008..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospitalization, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Garfield CF, Simon CD, Rutsohn J
Stress from the neonatal intensive care unit to home: paternal and maternal cortisol rhythms in parents of premature infants.
The purpose of the study was to examine cortisol diurnal rhythms, a physiologic marker of stress, over the transition from the critical care setting to home for fathers and mothers of very low-birth-weight infants, including how cortisol is associated with psychosocial stress and parenting sense of competence. The investigators noted that fathers may be especially susceptible to stressors during this transition.
AHRQ-funded; HS020316.
Citation: Garfield CF, Simon CD, Rutsohn J .
Stress from the neonatal intensive care unit to home: paternal and maternal cortisol rhythms in parents of premature infants.
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2018 Jul/Sep;32(3):257-65. doi: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000296..
Keywords: Caregiving, Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Stress, Transitions of Care
Basco WT, Roberts JR, Ebeling M
Indications for use of combination acetaminophen/opioid drugs in infants <6 months old.
This study examined the use of combination acetaminophen/opioid drugs in infants 0-6 months old. In most cases it is not considered appropriate for children under 2 years and for respiratory diagnosis is not appropriate at all. Pharmacy claims from the South Carolina Medicaid prescriptions database from January 2011 through August 2012 was evaluated. The data was given to researchers in de-identified format from 3 Medicaid files. No newborns (aged <1 month) were given these combination drugs. They calculated that 1 in 5 prescriptions were given for an inappropriate indication, and 1 in 10 for respiratory diagnosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS015679.
Citation: Basco WT, Roberts JR, Ebeling M .
Indications for use of combination acetaminophen/opioid drugs in infants <6 months old.
Clin Pediatr 2018 Jun;57(6):741-44. doi: 10.1177/0009922817730349..
Keywords: Opioids, Newborns/Infants, Medication, Patient Safety
Greenhawt M, Chan ES, Fleischer DM
Caregiver and expecting caregiver support for early peanut introduction guidelines.
This study investigates caregiver preferences for early peanut introduction (EPI) recommendations. The study concluded that among new and expecting caregivers, there is poor current willingness and questionable support for early allergenic solid food recommendations, including in-office allergy risk assessment before introduction. Willingness was better among expecting vs current caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Greenhawt M, Chan ES, Fleischer DM .
Caregiver and expecting caregiver support for early peanut introduction guidelines.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 Jun;120(6):620-25. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.001..
Keywords: Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Guidelines, Newborns/Infants, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Glazer KB, Eliot MN, Danilack VA
Residential green space and birth outcomes in a coastal setting.
The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between green and blue space and birth outcomes in a coastal area of the northeastern US. Findings from this study did not support the hypothesis that residential green space was associated with reduced risk of preterm birth or higher birthweight after adjustment for individual and contextual socioeconomic factors, but variation in results with incremental adjustment raised questions about the optimal degree of control for confounding by markers of SES. The investigators found that living near a freshwater body was associated with higher birthweight.
AHRQ-funded; HS025013.
Citation: Glazer KB, Eliot MN, Danilack VA .
Residential green space and birth outcomes in a coastal setting.
Environ Res 2018 May;163:97-107. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.006..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Adverse Events, Women
Wickremasinghe AC, Kuzniewicz MW, McCulloch CE
Efficacy of subthreshold newborn phototherapy during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmission for phototherapy.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of subthreshold phototherapy for newborns with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/dL below the appropriate AAP phototherapy threshold during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmissions for phototherapy, and to identify predictors of readmission for phototherapy. The investigators concluded that subthreshold phototherapy during the birth hospitalization is effective in preventing readmissions for phototherapy; however, for each readmission prevented, many newborns require phototherapy who would otherwise not need it.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Wickremasinghe AC, Kuzniewicz MW, McCulloch CE .
Efficacy of subthreshold newborn phototherapy during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmission for phototherapy.
JAMA Pediatr 2018 Apr;172(4):378-85. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5630..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Newborns/Infants
Hefele JG, Santos P, Ritter G
Risk factors for shoulder dystocia: the impact of mother's race and ethnicity.
The purpose of this observational study was to examine shoulder dystocia risk factors by race and ethnicity using a 19,236 sample of pregnant women who presented for labor and delivery. Results found that, for White non-Hispanic mothers, the strongest risk factors were delivering past 40 weeks' gestation and use of epidural anesthesia during delivery. Among Black non-Hispanic mothers, the risk factors with the greatest impact were use of epidural and having gestational diabetes and controlling the condition with insulin. Additionally, among Hispanic mothers, having Spanish as the primary language increased shoulder dystocia likelihood compared to those who did not cite it as their primary language. This study provides evidence that risk factors for a labor and delivery condition can vary significantly across racial and ethnic subgroups.
AHRQ-funded; HS019608.
Citation: Hefele JG, Santos P, Ritter G .
Risk factors for shoulder dystocia: the impact of mother's race and ethnicity.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018 Apr;5(2):333-41. doi: 10.1007/s40615-017-0374-9..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Labor and Delivery, Injuries and Wounds, Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy, Risk
Dudding KM, Gephart SM, Carrington JM
Neonatal nurses experience unintended consequences and risks to patient safety with electronic health records.
The purposes of this study were to describe unintended consequences of use of electronic health records for neonatal nurses and to explore relationships between the phenomena and characteristics of the nurse and the electronic health record. The most frequent unintended consequences of electronic health record use were due to interruptions, followed by a heavier workload due to the electronic health record.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Dudding KM, Gephart SM, Carrington JM .
Neonatal nurses experience unintended consequences and risks to patient safety with electronic health records.
Comput Inform Nurs 2018 Apr;36(4):167-76. doi: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000406.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Newborns/Infants, Nursing, Patient Safety
McArdle J, Sorensen A, Fowler CI
Strategies to improve management of shoulder dystocia under the AHRQ Safety Program for Perinatal Care.
The purpose of this study using TeamSTEPPS was to assess the implementation of safety strategies to improve management of births complicated by shoulder dystocia in labor and delivery units. Results suggested that successful management of shoulder dystocia requires a rapid, standardized, and coordinated response. The Safety Program for Perinatal Care strategies to increase safety of shoulder dystocia management are scalable, replicable, and adaptable to unit needs and circumstances.
AHRQ-funded; 2902010000241.
Citation: McArdle J, Sorensen A, Fowler CI .
Strategies to improve management of shoulder dystocia under the AHRQ Safety Program for Perinatal Care.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2018 Mar;47(2):191-201. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.11.014.
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Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Newborns/Infants, Pregnancy, Adverse Events, TeamSTEPPS, Injuries and Wounds, Care Management, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Training, Tools & Toolkits, Patient Safety, Nursing, Communication, Quality of Care
Gephart SM, Wyles C, Canvasser J
Expert consensus to weight an adherence score for audit and feedback of practices that prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a catastrophic abdominal complication threatening the life of premature infants, but adoption of prevention and early recognition practices differs as do NEC rates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The purpose of this research was to validate and weight an evidence-based adherence score (aka NEC-Zero Adherence Score) to prevent and foster timely recognition of NEC.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Gephart SM, Wyles C, Canvasser J .
Expert consensus to weight an adherence score for audit and feedback of practices that prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants.
Appl Nurs Res 2018 Feb;39:182-88. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.11.021..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Digestive Disease and Health, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Milstone AM
Manipulating the microbiome: evolution of a strategy to prevent S. aureus disease in children.
Hospitalized infants have the highest rates of invasive Staphylococcus aureus disease of any population and infection control strategies such as decolonization have been insufficient. In this article, the authors review what is known about bacterial communities in the nasal cavity of infants and discuss how future microbiome studies may help identify novel interventions to protect high-risk infants from S. aureus disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Milstone AM .
Manipulating the microbiome: evolution of a strategy to prevent S. aureus disease in children.
J Perinatol 2018 Feb;38(2):105-09. doi: 10.1038/jp.2017.155..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Children/Adolescents, Prevention, Newborns/Infants, Patient Safety
Gephart SM, Gordon PV, Penn AH
Changing the paradigm of defining, detecting, and diagnosing NEC: perspectives on Bell's stages and biomarkers for NEC.
This article provides reasons why a better global definition for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is needed and offers a simple alternative bedside definition for preterm NEC called the "Two out of Three" rule.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Gephart SM, Gordon PV, Penn AH .
Changing the paradigm of defining, detecting, and diagnosing NEC: perspectives on Bell's stages and biomarkers for NEC.
Semin Pediatr Surg 2018 Feb;27(1):3-10. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2017.11.002..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Newborns/Infants
Jou J, Kozhimannil KB, Abraham JM
Paid maternity leave in the United States: associations with maternal and infant health.
Using data from Listening to Mothers III, a national survey of women ages 18-45 who gave birth in 2011-2012, the investigators conducted multivariate logistic regression to predict the likelihood of outcomes related to infant health, maternal physical and mental health, and maternal health behaviors by the use and duration of paid maternity leave. They concluded that Practice Paid maternity leave significantly predicted lower odds of maternal and infant re-hospitalization and higher odds of doing well with exercise and stress management.
AHRQ-funded; HS023950.
Citation: Jou J, Kozhimannil KB, Abraham JM .
Paid maternity leave in the United States: associations with maternal and infant health.
Matern Child Health J 2018 Feb;22(2):216-25. doi: 10.1007/s10995-017-2393-x..
Keywords: Maternal Care, Newborns/Infants, Policy, Pregnancy, Women
Santos P, Hefele JG, Ritter G
Population-based risk factors for shoulder dystocia.
This retrospective observational study examined population-based risk factors for infant shoulder dystocia during labor. Five hospitals in 5 states were used and over 19,000 births evaluated between April 2011 and July 2013. An increased risk for dystocia was found for women who were prescribed insulin, indicating gestational diabetes. However this was not true of women with gestational diabetes who were not prescribed insulin. Other risk factors included being Black, Hispanic, covered by Medicaid or no insurance, infant gestational age of 41 weeks or greater, and chronic diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019608.
Citation: Santos P, Hefele JG, Ritter G .
Population-based risk factors for shoulder dystocia.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2018 Jan;47(1):32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.11.011..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Newborns/Infants, Risk, Pregnancy, Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events
Travers CP, Carlo WA, McDonald SA
Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids.
This study sought to determine if exposure to antenatal corticosteroids is associated with a lower rate of death and pulmonary morbidities by 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. It concluded that among infants 22-28 weeks' gestational age, any or partial antenatal exposure to corticosteroids compared to no exposure is associated with a lower rate of death while the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in survivors did not differ.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Travers CP, Carlo WA, McDonald SA .
Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jan;218(1):130.e1-30.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.554.
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Keywords: Medication, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Respiratory Conditions
Phillippi JC, Danhausen K, Alliman J
Neonatal outcomes in the birth center setting: a systematic review.
This systematic review examined the effects of the birth center setting on neonatal mortality in economically developed countries. The criteria for inclusion included being in English, published after 1980 and in countries with similar guidelines to the American Association of Birth Centers Standards. The only measure used was neonatal mortality and results did not find any difference between using a birth center as opposed to a traditional hospital setting. The literature was not found to have many good quality studies, and further research is recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS024733.
Citation: Phillippi JC, Danhausen K, Alliman J .
Neonatal outcomes in the birth center setting: a systematic review.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2018 Jan;63(1):68-89. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12701..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Women