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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
101 to 125 of 463 Research Studies DisplayedGoode AP, Coeytaux RR, Maslow GR
Nonpharmacologic treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.
The authors assessed the comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacologic treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among individuals 17 years of age and younger. Non-pharmacologic treatments they identified included neurofeedback, cognitive training, cognitive behavioral therapy, child or parent training, dietary omega fatty acid supplementation, and herbal and/or dietary approaches. They identified no new guidance regarding the comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacologic treatments, concluding that, despite wide use, there are significant gaps in knowledge regarding the effectiveness of ADHD non-pharmacologic treatments.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500004I.
Citation: Goode AP, Coeytaux RR, Maslow GR .
Nonpharmacologic treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.
Pediatrics 2018 Jun;141(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-0094.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Treatments, Evidence-Based Practice
Hoffman SR, Vines AI, Halladay JR
Optimizing research in symptomatic uterine fibroids with development of a computable phenotype for use with electronic health records.
The objective of the study was to develop an electronic health record-based algorithm to identify women with symptomatic uterine fibroids for a comparative effectiveness study of medical or surgical treatments on quality-of-life measures. The study concluded that an electronic health record-based algorithm is capable of identifying cases of symptomatic uterine fibroids with moderate positive predictive value and may be an efficient approach for large-scale study recruitment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023418.
Citation: Hoffman SR, Vines AI, Halladay JR .
Optimizing research in symptomatic uterine fibroids with development of a computable phenotype for use with electronic health records.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jun;218(6):610.e1-10.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.02.002..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Research Methodologies, Women
Horiguchi M, Tian L, Uno H
Quantification of long-term survival benefit in a comparative oncology clinical study.
The authors discuss the quantification of long-term survival benefit in a comparative oncology clinical study. They assert that from the perspective of cost-risk-benefit, using a long-term survival benefit criterion for selecting anticancer therapies may be more appropriate.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Horiguchi M, Tian L, Uno H .
Quantification of long-term survival benefit in a comparative oncology clinical study.
JAMA Oncol 2018 Jun;4(6):881-82. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0518..
Keywords: Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Research Methodologies
Skrivankova V, Heagerty PJ
Single index methods for evaluation of marker-guided treatment rules based on multivariate marker panels.
Answering the scientific challenge to identify and validate the factors that can reliably be used to target treatment and to quantify the expected treatment benefit as a function of candidate markers, the authors of this article propose to focus on a smooth, non-parametric evaluation of a canonical single-index score that estimates the expected treatment benefit associated with patient characteristics. Their methods decouple the model used to generate the treatment benefit score from the methods adopted in order to evaluate the performance of the resulting single-index score. They also demonstrate that the canonical single-index treatment benefit score can be used for selecting subsets of patients with enriched expected treatment response.
AHRQ-funded; HS019222.
Citation: Skrivankova V, Heagerty PJ .
Single index methods for evaluation of marker-guided treatment rules based on multivariate marker panels.
Biometrics 2018 Jun;74(2):663-72. doi: 10.1111/biom.12752..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Shared Decision Making, Outcomes, Treatments
Rizvi RF, Adam TJ, Lindemann EA
Comparing existing resources to represent dietary supplements.
Dietary supplements (DS) are widely consumed despite limited knowledge around their safety/efficacy and any well-established regulatory policies. In this pilot study, five DS resources were evaluated and compared both quantitatively and qualitatively. The authors found fragmented and inconsistent distribution of DS representation in terms of essential data elements across five resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS022085.
Citation: Rizvi RF, Adam TJ, Lindemann EA .
Comparing existing resources to represent dietary supplements.
AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc 2018 May 18;2017:207-16..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Nutrition, Patient Safety
Stewart EA, Lytle BL, Thomas L
The comparing options for management: patient-centered results for uterine fibroids (COMPARE-UF) registry: Rationale and design.
The purpose of the study was to design and establish a uterine fibroid (UF) registry based in the United States to provide comparative effectiveness data regarding UF treatment. This registry, called Comparing Options for Management: Patient-centered Results for Uterine Fibroids (COMPARE-UF), will generate evidence on the comparative effectiveness of different procedural options for UF, in order to help patients and their caregivers make informed decisions that best meet an individual patient's short- and long-term preferences.
AHRQ-funded; HS023418.
Citation: Stewart EA, Lytle BL, Thomas L .
The comparing options for management: patient-centered results for uterine fibroids (COMPARE-UF) registry: Rationale and design.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 May 8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.05.004..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Women
Semenkovich TR, Panni RZ, Hudson JL
Comparative effectiveness of upfront esophagectomy versus induction chemoradiation in clinical stage T2N0 esophageal cancer: a decision analysis.
This study examined comparative effectiveness and survival rates for upfront esophagectomy versus induction chemoradiation in patients with clinical stage T2N20 esophageal cancer. A decision analysis model was created for the two treatment strategies. Results showed comparable median survival rates for both strategies. The optimal treatment strategy depended on the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound staging.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Semenkovich TR, Panni RZ, Hudson JL .
Comparative effectiveness of upfront esophagectomy versus induction chemoradiation in clinical stage T2N0 esophageal cancer: a decision analysis.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 May;155(5):2221-30.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.006..
Keywords: Treatments, Cancer, Surgery, Comparative Effectiveness, Shared Decision Making, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Medication
Dabbous F, Dolecek TA, Friedewald SM
Performance characteristics of digital vs film screen mammography in community practice.
In this study, the investigators examined performance characteristics of digital vs film screen mammography in community practice by comparing the performance characteristics of 297 629 full field digital (FFDM) and 416 791 screen film mammograms (SFM). In their study, modest gains in performance were achieved with the introduction of FFDM as a replacement for SFM, in a large health care organization.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: Dabbous F, Dolecek TA, Friedewald SM .
Performance characteristics of digital vs film screen mammography in community practice.
Breast J 2018 May;24(3):369-72. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12942..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Imaging, Women, Prevention, Comparative Effectiveness, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Wald-Dickler N, Holtom P, Spellberg B
Busting the myth of "static vs cidal": a systemic literature review.
This study compared the effectiveness of bactericidal antibiotics versus bacteriostatic agents. A systematic literature review was conducted of published, randomized, controlled trials that were comparison studies. Of the 56 identified trials published since 1985, 49 found no significant difference in effectiveness between the two types of antibiotics. Only 1 trial found the bactericidal agent was superior.
AHRQ-funded; HS025690.
Citation: Wald-Dickler N, Holtom P, Spellberg B .
Busting the myth of "static vs cidal": a systemic literature review.
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Apr 17;66(9):1470-74. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1127..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Goldstone AB, Chiu P, Baiocchi M
Second arterial versus venous conduits for multi-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery in California.
This study sought to determine whether a second arterial conduit improves outcomes after multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. It concluded that second arterial conduit use in California is low and declining, but arterial grafts were associated with significantly lower mortality and fewer cardiovascular events. A right internal thoracic artery graft offered no benefit over that of a radial artery, but did increase risk of sternal wound infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS022192.
Citation: Goldstone AB, Chiu P, Baiocchi M .
Second arterial versus venous conduits for multi-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery in California.
Circulation 2018 Apr 17;137(16):1698-707. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030959.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Sobieraj DM, Weeda ER, Nguyen E
Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists as controller and quick relief therapy with exacerbations and symptom control in persistent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) in patients with persistent asthma. They found that in patients with persistent asthma, the use of single maintenance and reliever therapy compared with inhaled corticosteroids as the controller therapy (with or without a long-acting beta-agonist) and short-acting beta-agonists as the relief therapy was associated with a lower risk of asthma exacerbations.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500012I.
Citation: Sobieraj DM, Weeda ER, Nguyen E .
Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists as controller and quick relief therapy with exacerbations and symptom control in persistent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA 2018 Apr 10;319(14):1485-96. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.2769.
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Keywords: Asthma, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Respiratory Conditions
Wang SV, Huybrechts KF, Fischer MA
Generalized boosted modeling to identify subgroups where effect of dabigatran versus warfarin may differ: an observational cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation.
The purpose of this study was to explore generalized boosted modeling (GBM) as a method for identifying subgroups with greater benefit or harm with dabigatran versus warfarin for treatment of atrial fibrillation. The investigators concluded that dabigatran's superiority to warfarin at prevention of thromboembolism may be greater in secondary than primary prevention. They indicated that in practice, secondary prevention patients are more often treated with warfarin.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Wang SV, Huybrechts KF, Fischer MA .
Generalized boosted modeling to identify subgroups where effect of dabigatran versus warfarin may differ: an observational cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018 Apr;27(4):383-90. doi: 10.1002/pds.4395..
Keywords: Blood Clots, Blood Thinners, Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of family-centered, pediatric weight management programs in reducing childhood obesity. Yet, programs to optimize the care of low-income children with obesity are needed. The investigators sought to examine the comparative effectiveness of two, potentially scalable pediatric weight management programs delivered to low-income children in a clinical or community setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V .
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Contemp Clin Trials 2018 Apr;67:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.01.002..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Nutrition, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Family Health and History, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Skolasky RL, Maggard AM, Wegener ST
Telephone-based intervention to improve rehabilitation engagement after spinal stenosis surgery: a prospective lagged controlled trial.
A prospective interventional trial was conducted, to compare the effectiveness of health behavior change counseling with usual care to improve health outcomes after lumbar spine surgical procedures. The investigators found that health behavior change counseling improved health outcomes during the first 12 months after the surgical procedure through changes in rehabilitation engagement.
AHRQ-funded; HS017990.
Citation: Skolasky RL, Maggard AM, Wegener ST .
Telephone-based intervention to improve rehabilitation engagement after spinal stenosis surgery: a prospective lagged controlled trial.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018 Jan 3;100(1):21-30. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00418..
Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Rehabilitation, Surgery
Fink HA, Jutkowitz E, McCarten JR
Pharmacologic interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
This review summarized current evidence on the efficacy and harms of pharmacologic interventions to prevent or delay cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia in adults with normal cognition or MCI. It concluded that evidence does not support use of the studied pharmacologic treatments for cognitive protection in persons with normal cognition or MCI.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Fink HA, Jutkowitz E, McCarten JR .
Pharmacologic interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2018 Jan 2;168(1):39-51. doi: 10.7326/m17-1529.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Dementia, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Brasure M, Desai P, Davila H
Physical activity interventions in preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in slowing cognitive decline and delaying the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia in adults without diagnosed cognitive impairments. Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of aerobic training, resistance training, or tai chi for improving cognition. ALSO, Evidence regarding effects on dementia prevention was insufficient for all physical activity interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Brasure M, Desai P, Davila H .
Physical activity interventions in preventing cognitive decline and Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2018 Jan 2;168(1):30-38. doi: 10.7326/m17-1528.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Dementia, Evidence-Based Practice, Lifestyle Changes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Hung MC, Ekwueme DU, White A
Estimating health benefits and cost-savings for achieving the Healthy People 2020 objective of reducing invasive colorectal cancer.
This study aims to quantify the aggregate potential life-years (LYs) saved and healthcare cost-savings if the Healthy People 2020 objective were met to reduce invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence by 15 percent. It concluded that achieving the HP2020 objective of reducing invasive CRC incidence by that amount by year 2020 would potentially save nearly 150,000 life-years and $624 million on healthcare costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Hung MC, Ekwueme DU, White A .
Estimating health benefits and cost-savings for achieving the Healthy People 2020 objective of reducing invasive colorectal cancer.
Prev Med 2018 Jan;106:38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.022.
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Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Comparative Effectiveness, Patient Safety
Bove AM, Smith KJ, Bise CG
Exercise, manual therapy, and booster sessions in knee osteoarthritis: cost-effectiveness analysis from a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
The study objective was to compare the cost-effectiveness of 4 different combinations of exercise, manual therapy, and booster sessions for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The authors found that spacing exercise-based physical therapy sessions over 12 months using periodic booster sessions was less costly and more effective over 2 years than strategies not containing booster sessions for individuals with knee OA.
AHRQ-funded; HS019642.
Citation: Bove AM, Smith KJ, Bise CG .
Exercise, manual therapy, and booster sessions in knee osteoarthritis: cost-effectiveness analysis from a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Phys Ther 2018 Jan;98(1):16-27. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx104..
Keywords: Arthritis, Comparative Effectiveness, Healthcare Costs, Outcomes
Ezer N, Kale M, Sigel K
Outcomes after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus open lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer in older adults.
This study evaluated whether the improved perioperative outcomes associated with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy are explained by surgeon characteristics, including case volume and specialty training. It concluded that VATS lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with better postoperative outcomes, but similar long-term survival, compared with open lobectomy among older adults, even after controlling for surgeon experience.
AHRQ-funded; HS019670.
Citation: Ezer N, Kale M, Sigel K .
Outcomes after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus open lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer in older adults.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018 Jan;15(1):76-82. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201612-980OC.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Elderly, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Surgery
Sylvia LG, Chang WC, Kamali M
Sleep disturbance may impact treatment outcome in bipolar disorder: a preliminary investigation in the context of a large comparative effectiveness trial.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential impact of poor sleep at baseline on outcomes in a randomized effectiveness trial of quetiapine and lithium. Sixty-three percent of patients had baseline sleep disturbance. Individuals with sleep disturbance had worse bipolar illness severity, greater severity of depression, mania, anxiety, irritability, and psychosis, were less likely to have sustained response, and had more necessary clinical adjustments.
AHRQ-funded; HS019371.
Citation: Sylvia LG, Chang WC, Kamali M .
Sleep disturbance may impact treatment outcome in bipolar disorder: a preliminary investigation in the context of a large comparative effectiveness trial.
J Affect Disord 2018 Jan 1;225:563-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.056.
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Keywords: Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Sleep Problems
Asher GN, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN
Comparative benefits and harms of complementary and alternative medicine therapies for initial treatment of major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.
The objective of this study was to report the comparative benefits and harms of exercise and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments with second-generation antidepressants (SGA) for major depressive disorder (MDD). The investigators indicated that although they found little difference in the comparative efficacy of most CAM therapies or exercise and SGAs, the overall poor quality of the available evidence base tempers any conclusions that they might draw from those trials.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200008I.
Citation: Asher GN, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN .
Comparative benefits and harms of complementary and alternative medicine therapies for initial treatment of major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal Altern Complement Med 2017 Dec;23(12):907-19. doi: 10.1089/acm.2016.0261..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Depression, Evidence-Based Practice, Behavioral Health
Lou Y, Cao J, Zhang S
Sample size calculations for time-averaged difference of longitudinal binary outcomes.
In this study, the researchers investigated sample size calculation for the comparison of time-averaged responses between treatment groups in clinical trials with longitudinally observed binary outcomes. Their simulation showed that the nominal power and type I error are well preserved over a wide range of design parameters. The researchers believe that theirs is the first study to consider the mixture of missing patterns in sample size calculation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Lou Y, Cao J, Zhang S .
Sample size calculations for time-averaged difference of longitudinal binary outcomes.
Commun Stat Theory Methods 2017;46(1):344-53. doi: 10.1080/03610926.2014.991040.
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Keywords: Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes
Wang Z, Whiteside SPH, Sim L
Comparative effectiveness and safety of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for childhood anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This review evaluated the comparative effectiveness and adverse events of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy for childhood anxiety disorders. Evidence supports the effectiveness of CBT and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for reducing childhood anxiety symptoms. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors also appear to be effective based on less consistent evidence.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500013I.
Citation: Wang Z, Whiteside SPH, Sim L .
Comparative effectiveness and safety of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for childhood anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Pediatr 2017 Nov;171(11):1049-56. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.3036.
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Keywords: Anxiety, Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication
Borah BJ, Yao X, Laughlin-Tommaso SK
Comparative effectiveness of uterine leiomyoma procedures using a large insurance claims database.
The objective of this retrospective analysis of administrative claims from a large U.S. commercial insurance database, was to compare risk of reintervention, long-term clinical outcomes, and health care utilization among women who have bulk symptoms from leiomyoma and who underwent the following procedures: hysterectomy, myomectomy, uterine artery embolization, and magnetic resonance-guided, focused ultrasound surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS023418.
Citation: Borah BJ, Yao X, Laughlin-Tommaso SK .
Comparative effectiveness of uterine leiomyoma procedures using a large insurance claims database.
Obstet Gynecol 2017 Nov;130(5):1047-56. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002331..
Keywords: Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Health Insurance, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery, Women
Chopra R, Vakharia PP, Sacotte R
Efficacy of bleach baths in reducing severity of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study sought to determine the efficacy of bleach vs water baths at decreasing atopic dermatitis (AD) severity. In pooled analyses, there were no significant differences observed between bleach vs water baths at 4 weeks vs baseline for the Eczema Area and Severity Index. Although bleach baths are effective in decreasing AD severity, they do not appear to be more effective than water baths alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Chopra R, Vakharia PP, Sacotte R .
Efficacy of bleach baths in reducing severity of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017 Nov;119(5):435-40. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.289.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Skin Conditions