National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (5)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
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- COVID-19 (4)
- Diabetes (1)
- Disparities (1)
- Elderly (1)
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- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (3)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (2)
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- (-) Hospitalization (13)
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- (-) Infectious Diseases (13)
- Influenza (1)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- Medication (4)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Opioids (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Public Health (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (3)
- Sepsis (1)
- Substance Abuse (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 13 of 13 Research Studies DisplayedRao S, Armistead I, Tyler A
Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalizations in children in Colorado during the 2021-2022 respiratory virus season.
This study compared demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes of children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during their cocirculation 2021-2022 respiratory virus season. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using Colorado's hospital respiratory surveillance data comparing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-, influenza-, and RSV-hospitalized cases < 18 years of age admitted and undergoing standardized molecular testing between October 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022. The cohort consisted of 847 hospitalized cases, of which 490 (57.9%) were RSV associated, 306 (36.1%) were COVID-19 associated, and 51 (6%) were influenza associated. Most RSV cases were children less than 4 years of age (92.9%), whereas influenza hospitalizations were observed in older children. RSV cases were more likely to require oxygen support higher than nasal cannula compared with COVID-19 and influenza cases, although COVID-19 cases were more likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation than influenza and RSV cases. Compared with children with COVID-19, the risk of intensive care unit admission was highest among children with influenza, whereas the risk of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, longer hospital length of stay, and need for oxygen were more likely among children with RSV.
AHRQ-funded; HS026512.
Citation: Rao S, Armistead I, Tyler A .
Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalizations in children in Colorado during the 2021-2022 respiratory virus season.
J Pediatr 2023 Sep; 260:113491. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113491..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Respiratory Conditions, Influenza, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases
Masonbrink AR, Harris M, Hall M
Safety events in children's hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted hospitals, potentially affecting quality and safety. The objective of this study was to compare pediatric hospitalization safety events during the pandemic versus previous years. The investigators concluded that postoperative sepsis rates increased among children hospitalized during COVID-19. They suggest that efforts are needed to improve safety of postoperative care for hospitalized children.
AHRQ-funded; HS024554; HS024592.
Citation: Masonbrink AR, Harris M, Hall M .
Safety events in children's hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hosp Pediatr 2021 Jun;11(6):e95-e100. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-004937..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Patient Safety, Sepsis, Adverse Events, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Inpatient Care, Infectious Diseases, Public Health
Vaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
A randomly sampled cohort of 1705 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was used. Data was collected on early empiric antibacterial therapy within 2 days of hospitalization, empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial co-infections. Of the 1705 patients, 56.6% were prescribed early empiric antibacterial therapy, with 3.5% having a confirmed community-onset bacterial infection. Use varied across hospitals, ranging from 27% to 84%. Patients were more likely to receive the therapy if they were older, had more severe illness, had a lobar infiltrate, or were admitted to a for-profit hospital. Over the one-month period empiric antibacterial use decreased.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530; HS026725.
Citation: Vaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA .
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 May 18;72(10):e533-e41. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1239..
Keywords: COVID-19, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Hospitalization
Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
This study examined whether metformin use by patients with diagnosed with type 2 diabetes had reduced mortality when hospitalized for COVID-19. Pharmacy claims data from UnitedHealth Group’s Clinical Discovery Claims Database was used. Patient data were included if they were aged 18 years or older; had type 2 diabetes or obesity (defined based on claims); at least 6 months of continuous enrolment in 2019; and admission to hospital for COVID-19 confirmed by PCR; manual chart review by UHG; or reported from the hospital to UHG. Metformin was not associated with significant reduction in mortality among men, but there was an association with decreased mortality in women.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA .
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Lancet Healthy Longev 2021 Jan;2(1):e34-e41. doi: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30033-7..
Keywords: COVID-19, Hospitalization, Medication, Mortality, Risk, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Public Health, Infectious Diseases
Kim JH, Fine DR, Li L
Disparities in United States hospitalizations for serious infections in patients with and without opioid use disorder: a nationwide observational study.
This study examined the differences in patients with and without opioid use disorder (OUD) who were hospitalized for serious infections focusing on infective endocarditis, epidural abscess, septic arthritis or osteomyelitis. The authors used the 2016 National Inpatient Sample to examine differences in length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and charges. Patients with OUD had a lower probability of discharge at any given LOS, and lower odds of discharge to home with higher odds of discharge to a post-acute care facility. There were no significant differences in average total hospital charges.
AHRQ-funded; HS026215.
Citation: Kim JH, Fine DR, Li L .
Disparities in United States hospitalizations for serious infections in patients with and without opioid use disorder: a nationwide observational study.
PLoS Med 2020 Aug;17(8):e1003247. doi: 10.1371/ournal.pmed.1003247.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Disparities, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Hospitalization, Medication, Infectious Diseases
Shang J, Russell D, Dowding D
A predictive risk model for infection-related hospitalization among home healthcare patients.
Infection prevention is a high priority for home healthcare (HHC), but tools are lacking to identify patients at highest risk of developing infections. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a predictive risk model to identify HHC patients at risk of an infection-related hospitalization or emergency department visit. A nonexperimental study using secondary data was conducted.
AHRQ-funded; HS024723.
Citation: Shang J, Russell D, Dowding D .
A predictive risk model for infection-related hospitalization among home healthcare patients.
J Healthc Qual 2020 May/Jun;42(3):136-47. doi: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000214..
Keywords: Elderly, Home Healthcare, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Hospitalization, Emergency Department
Goodman KE, Simner PJ, Klein EY
Predicting probability of perirectal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) at hospital unit admission.
This study measured the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenemase-production organisms (CPOs) in the perirectal area in all patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit or solid organ transplant unit at Johns Hopkins Hospital between July 1, 2016 and July 1, 2017. The data was then used to develop models to predict colonization probabilities using decision tree learning. While overall, decision tree models poorly predicted CRO and CPO colonization; for patients with recent CRO-positive cultures who use proton-pump inhibitors the decision tree did accurately identify patients with CRO-positive cultures.
AHRQ-funded; HS025089.
Citation: Goodman KE, Simner PJ, Klein EY .
Predicting probability of perirectal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) at hospital unit admission.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 May;40(5):541-50. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.42..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases
Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
This research studied the association between hospitalized neonates who develop Staphylococcus aureus infections and nasal microbiota populations that preceded infection. Nares samples were obtained for neonates who were screened weekly for S. aureus. DNA was extracted and DNA of the bacterias were sequenced. It was found that controls and treated cases had a higher abundance of genes that contributed to the synthesis of natural antimicrobial compounds from several commensal bacterial types.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR .
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Apr;6(4):ofz062. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz062..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitalization, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Newborns/Infants
Baker JM, Tate JE, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Longer-term direct and indirect effects of infant rotavirus vaccination across all ages in the US; 2000 - 2013: analysis of a large hospital discharge dataset.
Rotavirus disease dramatically declined among children under 5 years of age since the rotavirus vaccine was introduced in 2006. In this study, data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database were used to conduct a time-series analysis of monthly hospital discharges across age groups for acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus from 2000-2013, in order to elucidate population level impacts.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Baker JM, Tate JE, Steiner CA .
Longer-term direct and indirect effects of infant rotavirus vaccination across all ages in the US; 2000 - 2013: analysis of a large hospital discharge dataset.
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Mar 15;68(6):976-83. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy580..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination
Leeman H, Cosgrove SE, Williams D
Assessing burden of central line-associated bloodstream infections present on hospital admission.
Investigators described patients presenting to an academic medical center with central line-associated bloodstream infection present on hospital admission over 1 year. Of the 130 admissions, they found that about half presented from home infusion, followed by oncology clinic, hemodialysis, and skilled nursing facility. They concluded that efforts to reduce such infections should address patients across the entire health care system.
AHRQ-funded; HS025782.
Citation: Leeman H, Cosgrove SE, Williams D .
Assessing burden of central line-associated bloodstream infections present on hospital admission.
Am J Infect Control 2020 Feb;48(2):216-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.08.010..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitalization, Home Healthcare, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases
Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
In a studied group of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, staphylococcal pneumonia was rare but associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Despite this low prevalence, use of antistaphylococcal antibiotics was common. The authors recommended efforts to minimize overuse of antistaphylococcal antibiotics while also ensuring adequate treatment for pathogen-specific diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM .
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
J Hosp Med 2018 Dec;13(12):848-52. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3093..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Antibiotics, Medication
Goodman KE, Simner PJ, Klein EY
How frequently are hospitalized patients colonized with carbapenem-resistant
This study evaluated whether hospitalized patients who tested positive for carbapenem-resistant Enteriobacteriaceae (CRE) were on contact precautions so that staff and other patients would not risk transmission. Since CRE colonization at admission was infrequent, there is some risk of transmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS025089.
Citation: Goodman KE, Simner PJ, Klein EY .
How frequently are hospitalized patients colonized with carbapenem-resistant
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Dec;39(12):1491-93. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.236..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Risk
Gauguet S, Ahmed AA, Zhou J
Group A streptococcal bacteremia without a source is associated with less severe disease in children.
The authors analyzed characteristics of 86 Group A streptococcal bacteremia cases at Boston Children's Hospital from 1992 to 2012. They found that children with bacteremia without a source (30% of cases) were less likely to have severe disease than children with focal infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS013908.
Citation: Gauguet S, Ahmed AA, Zhou J .
Group A streptococcal bacteremia without a source is associated with less severe disease in children.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015 Apr;34(4):447-9. doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000587.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Outcomes