National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 41 Research Studies DisplayedChase BA, Pocica S, Frigerio R
Mortality risk factors in newly diagnosed diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
To inform the design of interventions to reduce mortality in cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) patients with diabetes, researchers explored genetic variants,
clinical attributes, and autonomic testing findings present to assess possible associations with increased mortality. They reviewed the electronic medical records of patients with advanced disease at the time when CAN was diagnosed. Some clinical characteristics, as well as sex, race, ethnicity, and incidence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to be similar in both survivors and non-survivors; clinical and autonomic testing characteristics were often similarly advanced in survivors and non-survivors. The researchers concluded that their analysis provided context by estimating hazard ratios relative to when CAN is objectively diagnosed and indicated that not all risk factors confer equal mortality risk. Their findings may inform both the development of guidelines for prevention and the design of larger studies to evaluate CAN mortality risk factors.
clinical attributes, and autonomic testing findings present to assess possible associations with increased mortality. They reviewed the electronic medical records of patients with advanced disease at the time when CAN was diagnosed. Some clinical characteristics, as well as sex, race, ethnicity, and incidence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to be similar in both survivors and non-survivors; clinical and autonomic testing characteristics were often similarly advanced in survivors and non-survivors. The researchers concluded that their analysis provided context by estimating hazard ratios relative to when CAN is objectively diagnosed and indicated that not all risk factors confer equal mortality risk. Their findings may inform both the development of guidelines for prevention and the design of larger studies to evaluate CAN mortality risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS024057.
Citation: Chase BA, Pocica S, Frigerio R .
Mortality risk factors in newly diagnosed diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
Clin Auton Res 2023 Dec; 33(6):903-07. doi: 10.1007/s10286-023-00975-5.
Keywords: Mortality, Risk, Diabetes
Narindrarangkura P, Alafaireet PE, Khan U
Association rule mining of real-world data: uncovering links between race, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and suicide attempts in individuals with diabetes.
The objective of this study was to use the association rule mining (ARM) technique to identify a high-risk group of suicide attempts among patients with diabetes. Cerner Real-World Data™ was mined using this technique. The study results indicated that patients with diabetes who were never married and had average blood glucose levels below 150 mg/dl were more likely to attempt suicide, while patients aged 60 and older who had diabetes for less than five years were less likely to attempt suicide. The authors concluded that ARM showed the potential for knowledge discovery in large multi-center electronic health records data, and the results could be used by providers during outpatient clinic visits.
Citation: Narindrarangkura P, Alafaireet PE, Khan U .
Association rule mining of real-world data: uncovering links between race, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and suicide attempts in individuals with diabetes.
Inform Med Unlocked 2023; 42. doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101345..
Keywords: Diabetes, Behavioral Health, Risk
Grauer A, Duran AT, Liyanage-Don NA
Association between telemedicine use and diabetes risk factor assessment and control in a primary care network.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to explore whether there is a relationship between telemedicine use in primary care and risk factor assessment and control for patients with diabetes mellitus. The study included patients with diabetes mellitus ages 18-75 with a telemedicine visit in a primary care network between February 2020 and December 2020. Researchers evaluated whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood pressure (BP), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and were assessed for each patient. The study identified 1,824 patients with diabetes during the study period and found that telemedicine use was associated with a lower proportion of patients with all three risk factors assessed. The researchers concluded that telemedicine use was related with gaps in risk factor assessment for patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS026121; HS024262.
Citation: Grauer A, Duran AT, Liyanage-Don NA .
Association between telemedicine use and diabetes risk factor assessment and control in a primary care network.
J Endocrinol Invest 2022 Sep;45(9):1749-56. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01814-6..
Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Primary Care, Risk
Horton DB, Xie F, Chen L
Oral glucocorticoids and incident treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism in children.
The purpose of this study was to quantify rates of incident treatment for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with oral glucocorticoid exposure in children aged 1-18 years. Participants were identified using US Medicaid claims data and included more than 930,000 children diagnosed with autoimmune diseases or a nonimmune comparator condition. Findings showed strong dose-dependent relationships between current glucocorticoid exposure and all outcomes, suggesting strong relative risks, but low absolute risks, of newly-treated VTE, diabetes, and especially hypertension in children taking high-dose oral glucocorticoids.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Horton DB, Xie F, Chen L .
Oral glucocorticoids and incident treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism in children.
Am J Epidemiol 2021 Feb 1;190(3):403-12. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa197..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Blood Clots, Medication: Safety, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Risk, Patient Safety, Blood Pressure
Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
This study examined whether metformin use by patients with diagnosed with type 2 diabetes had reduced mortality when hospitalized for COVID-19. Pharmacy claims data from UnitedHealth Group’s Clinical Discovery Claims Database was used. Patient data were included if they were aged 18 years or older; had type 2 diabetes or obesity (defined based on claims); at least 6 months of continuous enrolment in 2019; and admission to hospital for COVID-19 confirmed by PCR; manual chart review by UHG; or reported from the hospital to UHG. Metformin was not associated with significant reduction in mortality among men, but there was an association with decreased mortality in women.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA .
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Lancet Healthy Longev 2021 Jan;2(1):e34-e41. doi: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30033-7..
Keywords: COVID-19, Hospitalization, Medication, Mortality, Risk, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Public Health, Infectious Diseases
Tassone C, Keshavjee K, Paglialonga A
Evaluation of mobile apps for treatment of patients at risk of developing gestational diabetes.
This study evaluated mobile apps using a theory-based evaluation framework to discover their applicability for patients at risk of gestational diabetes. It assessed how well the existing mobile apps on the market met the information and tracking needs of patients with gestational diabetes and evaluated the feasibility of how to integrate these apps into patient care.
AHRQ-funded; HS021495; HS24869.
Citation: Tassone C, Keshavjee K, Paglialonga A .
Evaluation of mobile apps for treatment of patients at risk of developing gestational diabetes.
Health Informatics J 2020 Sep;26(3):1983-94. doi: 10.1177/1460458219896639..
Keywords: Diabetes, Risk, Health Information Technology (HIT), Women
Koller KR, Day GE, Hiratsuka VY
Increase in diabetes among urban Alaska Native people in the Alaska EARTH follow-up study: a call for prediabetes screening, diagnosis, and referral for intervention.
This study estimated incidence of diabetes (DM) and pre-DM relative to DM risk factors among relatively healthy Alaska Native and American Indian (AN) adults living in urban south-central Alaska. Results showed that, controlling for age and sex, obesity, abdominal adiposity, pre-DM, and metabolic syndrome independently increased DM risk. Recommendations included advising health care providers of AN populations to seize the opportunity to screen, refer, and treat individuals with pre-DM and other modifiable DM risk factors prior to DM diagnosis in order to alter the epidemiologic course of disease progression in this urban AN population.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Koller KR, Day GE, Hiratsuka VY .
Increase in diabetes among urban Alaska Native people in the Alaska EARTH follow-up study: a call for prediabetes screening, diagnosis, and referral for intervention.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020 Sep;167:108357. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108357..
Keywords: Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Risk, Prevention, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Chronic Conditions
McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Van Houten HK
Paradox of glycemic management: multimorbidity, glycemic control, and high-risk medication use among adults with diabetes.
Researchers examined contemporary patterns of glycemic control and use of medications known to cause hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes across age and multimorbidity. They found that the proportion of patients achieving low HbA1c levels was highest among older and multimorbid patients. Older patients and patients with higher comorbidity burden were more likely to be treated with insulin to achieve these HbA1c levels despite the potential for hypoglycemia and uncertain long-term benefit.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Van Houten HK .
Paradox of glycemic management: multimorbidity, glycemic control, and high-risk medication use among adults with diabetes.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020 Feb;8(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001007..
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Evidence-Based Practice, Risk, Chronic Conditions
Mentias A, Shantha G, Adeola O
Role of diabetes and insulin use in the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation: a Medicare analysis.
This study examined the role of diabetes and insulin use in the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A cohort of Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnoses with AF from 2011 to 2013 were identified. The cohort was divided into those with diabetes requiring insulin (6.7%), those with diabetes not requiring insulin (31.3%) and non-diabetics (62%). Diabetics requiring insulin were at the greatest risk of stroke and AMI, and diabetics not requiring insulin were at slightly lower risk, but non-diabetics had the lowest risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS023104.
Citation: Mentias A, Shantha G, Adeola O .
Role of diabetes and insulin use in the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation: a Medicare analysis.
Am Heart J 2019 Aug;214:158-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.05.003..
Keywords: Diabetes, Stroke, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Chronic Conditions, Elderly
Randolph AC, Lin YL, Volpi E
Tricyclic antidepressant and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid-analog use is associated with fall risk in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
This study invested whether tricyclic antidepressant and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid-analog (TCA/GABA) use is associated fall risk in older diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients. A nationally representative 5% Medicare sample between the years 2008 and 2010 were used, and 5,550 patients with TCA/GABA prescriptions were compared to 22,200 patients without a TCA/GABA prescription. Patients were followed until there was an incidence of a fall or first incidence of a fracture during the follow-up period of up to 5 years. After covariate adjustment, there was a statistically significant increase in falls and fractures for patients using TCAs or GABA-analogs.
AHRQ-funded; HS020642.
Citation: Randolph AC, Lin YL, Volpi E .
Tricyclic antidepressant and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid-analog use is associated with fall risk in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2019 Jun;67(6):1174-81. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15779..
Keywords: Medication, Diabetes, Elderly, Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Medicare, Risk
Gadgil MD, Ehrlich SF, Zhu Y
Dietary quality and glycemic control among women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Poor dietary quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), is associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes. The aim was to investigate the association between dietary quality and glycemic control in women with GDM. The authors concluded that clinicians should be aware that even a small improvement in diet quality may be beneficial for the achievement of improved glycemic control in women with GDM.
AHRQ-funded; HS019367.
Citation: Gadgil MD, Ehrlich SF, Zhu Y .
Dietary quality and glycemic control among women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
J Womens Health 2019 Feb;28(2):178-84. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6788..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Diabetes, Nutrition, Women, Risk, Prevention
Brennan MB, Guihan M, Budiman-Mak E
Increasing SBP variability is associated with an increased risk of developing incident diabetic foot ulcers.
This study evaluated the relationship between increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability and risk of incident diabetic foot ulceration using a nested case-control design. The investigators found a graded relationship between SBP variability and risk of diabetic foot ulceration, providing a potential new and modifiable target to reduce this common complication.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Brennan MB, Guihan M, Budiman-Mak E .
Increasing SBP variability is associated with an increased risk of developing incident diabetic foot ulcers.
J Hypertens 2018 Nov;36(11):2177-84. doi: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001783..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Diabetes, Risk
Kumar V, Encinosa W, Thakur K
AHRQ Author: Encinosa W
Just living with obese family members increases your risk of type 2 diabetes.
Although diabetes has been associated with the incidence of obesity, many diabetes patients are not obese. In this paper the authors discuss how just living in a household with one or more obese biologically related family members is a major risk factor for diabetes, even after accounting for all the other traditional risk factors.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kumar V, Encinosa W, Thakur K .
Just living with obese family members increases your risk of type 2 diabetes.
Clin Diabetes 2018 Oct;36(4):305-11. doi: 10.2337/cd17-0091..
Keywords: Diabetes, Obesity, Risk
Lee AK, Rawlings AM, Lee CJ
Severe hypoglycaemia, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and brain volumes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study.
In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the link between severe hypoglycaemia and domain-specific cognitive decline, smaller brain volumes and dementia in adults with type 2 diabetes. The investigators concluded that their results demonstrated a strong link between severe hypoglycaemia and poor cognitive outcomes, suggesting a need for discussion of appropriate diabetes treatments for high-risk older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Lee AK, Rawlings AM, Lee CJ .
Severe hypoglycaemia, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and brain volumes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study.
Diabetologia 2018 Sep;61(9):1956-65. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4668-1..
Keywords: Dementia, Diabetes, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Flory JH, Keating SJ, Siscovick D
Identifying prevalence and risk factors for metformin non-persistence: a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record.
Non-persistence may be a significant barrier to the use of metformin. The objective of this study was to assess reasons for metformin non-persistence, and whether initial metformin dosing or use of extended release (ER) formulations affect persistence to metformin therapy. The investigators concluded that their data supported the routine prescribing of low starting doses of metformin as a tool to improve persistence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Flory JH, Keating SJ, Siscovick D .
Identifying prevalence and risk factors for metformin non-persistence: a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record.
BMJ Open 2018 Jul 23;8(7):e021505. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021505..
Keywords: Diabetes, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk
Pantalone KM, Misra-Hebert AD, Hobbs TM
Effect of glycemic control on the Diabetes Complications Severity Index score and development of complications in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
The aim of the present study was to assess the longitudinal accumulation of diabetes-related complications and the effect of glycemic control on the Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI) score in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study concluded that baseline glycemic control had no apparent effect on longitudinal changes in DCSI score. Worsening or persistently poor glycemic control was associated with an increased risk of an increase in the DCSI score.
Citation: Pantalone KM, Misra-Hebert AD, Hobbs TM .
Effect of glycemic control on the Diabetes Complications Severity Index score and development of complications in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
J Diabetes 2018 Mar;10(3):192-99. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12613..
Keywords: Diabetes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk
Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare risks of serious hypoglycemia among antidiabetic monotherapy-treated adults receiving metformin, a sulfonylurea, a meglitinide, or a thiazolidinedione. The investigators found that sulfonylureas were associated with the highest rates of serious hypoglycemia. Among all study drugs, the highest rate was seen with glyburide. Pioglitazone was associated with a lower adjusted hazard for serious hypoglycemia vs metformin, while rosiglitazone and nateglinide had hazards similar to that of metformin.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM .
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018 Jan;27(1):9-18. doi: 10.1002/pds.4337..
Keywords: Risk, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Diabetes, Medication
Lee AK, Lee CJ, Huang ES
Risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in black and white adults with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Severe hypoglycemia is a rare but important complication of type 2 diabetes. Few studies have examined the epidemiology of hypoglycemia in a community-based population. This study concluded that poor glycemic control, glycemic variability as captured by 1,5-anhydroglucitol, kidney damage, and measures of cognitive and functional impairments were strongly associated with increased risk of severe hypoglycemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Lee AK, Lee CJ, Huang ES .
Risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in black and white adults with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Diabetes Care 2017 Dec;40(12):1661-67. doi: 10.2337/dc17-0819.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk
Mehta HB, Mehta V, Goodwin JS
Association of hypoglycemia with subsequent dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This study evaluated an association of hypoglycemia with subsequent dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia is associated with a higher risk of dementia and may be responsible in part for the higher risk of dementia in patients with diabetes. Alternatively, hypoglycemia may be a marker for undiagnosed cognitive impairment, and we cannot rule out the possibility of reverse causation between hypoglycemia and dementia.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Mehta HB, Mehta V, Goodwin JS .
Association of hypoglycemia with subsequent dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017 Aug;72(8):1110-16. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glw217.
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Keywords: Dementia, Diabetes, Elderly, Risk
Schroeder EB, Xu S, Goodrich GK
Predicting the 6-month risk of severe hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes: development and external validation of a prediction model.
Researchers developed and validated two prediction models for predicting the 6-month risk of hypoglycemia. The 16-variable model had slightly better performance than the 6-variable model, but in some practice settings, use of the simpler model may be preferred.
AHRQ-funded; HS019859; HS022963.
Citation: Schroeder EB, Xu S, Goodrich GK .
Predicting the 6-month risk of severe hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes: development and external validation of a prediction model.
J Diabetes Complications 2017 Jul;31(7):1158-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.004.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication, Risk
Beckman AL, Herrin J, Nasir K
Trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income, 2005-2014.
This research letter discusses the trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income from 2005-2014. The investigators assessed national trends in cardiovascular risk factors by income level among adults aged 25 years and older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, a nationally representative, multistage probability sample of the US population, across 5 periods: 2005 to 2006, 2007 to 2008, 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Beckman AL, Herrin J, Nasir K .
Trends in cardiovascular health of US adults by income, 2005-2014.
JAMA Cardiol 2017 Jul;2(7):814-16. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.1654..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Disparities, Health Status, Blood Pressure, Obesity, Diabetes, Low-Income, Tobacco Use
Bowen ME, Xuan L, Lingvay I
Performance of a random glucose case-finding strategy to detect undiagnosed diabetes.
This study describes a case-finding approach using non-diagnostic random glucose values to identify individuals in need of diabetes testing and compares its performance to current screening guidelines. Using random glucose >/=100 mg/dL to identify individuals in need of diabetes, it determined that screening is highly sensitive and specific, performing better than current screening guidelines. Case-finding strategies informed by random glucose data may improve diabetes detection.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Bowen ME, Xuan L, Lingvay I .
Performance of a random glucose case-finding strategy to detect undiagnosed diabetes.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jun;52(6):710-16. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.023.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk, Screening
Palta P, Huang ES, Kalyani RR
Hemoglobin A1c and mortality in older adults with and without diabetes: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1988-2011).
In this paper, the investigators sought to estimate the risk of mortality by HbA1c levels among older adults with and without diabetes. They concluded that an HbA1c >8.0% was associated with increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults with diabetes. The investigators suggest that their results support the idea that better glycemic control is important for reducing mortality; however, they also indicate that there is a need for individualized glycemic targets for older adults with diabetes depending on their demographics, duration of diabetes, and existing comorbidities.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Palta P, Huang ES, Kalyani RR .
Hemoglobin A1c and mortality in older adults with and without diabetes: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1988-2011).
Diabetes Care 2017 Apr;40(4):453-60. doi: 10.2337/dci16-0042.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Diabetes, Elderly, Mortality, Risk
Saeed MJ, Olsen MA, Powderly WG
Diabetes mellitus is associated with higher risk of developing decompensated cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients.
This study investigated the association of diabetes with risk of decompensated cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). In a privately insured US population with CHC, the rates of decompensated cirrhosis per 1000 person-years were: 185.5 for persons with baseline cirrhosis and diabetes, 119.8 for persons with cirrhosis and no diabetes, 35.3 for persons with no cirrhosis and diabetes, and 17.1 for persons with no cirrhosis and no diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Saeed MJ, Olsen MA, Powderly WG .
Diabetes mellitus is associated with higher risk of developing decompensated cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients.
J Clin Gastroenterol 2017 Jan;51(1):70-76. doi: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000566.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Diabetes, Hepatitis, Risk
Leung MY, Carlsson NP, Colditz GA
The burden of obesity on diabetes in the United States: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008 to 2012.
The researchers analyzed the risk of developing diabetes and the annual cost of diabetes for a US general population. Their results suggested that the annual health care expenditure differentials between those with and without diabetes of age 50 years were the highest for individuals with class II ($12,907) and class III ($9,703) obesity.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Leung MY, Carlsson NP, Colditz GA .
The burden of obesity on diabetes in the United States: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008 to 2012.
Value Health 2017 Jan;20(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.08.735.
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Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Obesity, Diabetes, Healthcare Costs, Risk